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Preface and General
Information
Qosqo in History
The Tawantinsuyo
The Inka
Inkan Religion
General and City
Planning
Materials and Lithic
Technology
Inkan Architecture
Agriculture
Coca Leaves
Andean Camelids
Andean Condor
Inkan City of Qosqo
Present-day
Festivities
The Cathedral
Saint Blaise Church
Convent of Our Lady
of Mercy
La Compania de
Jesus Church
Saint Francis
Convent
Monastery of Saint
Catherine
Qorikancha
Saqsaywaman
Pisaq Ollantaytambo
Chinchero
Maras, Moray,
Pichingoto
Tipon, Pikillaqta,
Andahuaylillas
Machupicchu
Inka Trail
Manu National Reserve
Vocabulary
Bibliography
Maps
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In Inkan times, one of the most important
buildings over the great Qosqo's Main Plaza was the Aqllawasi (House of Chosen Women, or Virgins of the Sun). It was something like an
Andean Monastery for noble women chosen among the prettiest and most
virtuous in the whole Quechua territory. They were devoted to the cult
of the Sun God; to the preparation of its ceremonies; to the weaving of
clothing for the Inka and for different religious purposes; to the
preparation of the "Sanqhu" (a ceremonial bread equivalent of the host
in Christianity); and to the manufacture of "Aqha" or sacred "chicha"
(maize beer). Besides, those women who kept perpetual virginity, also
had to keep inside their monastery for the whole year the Sacred Fire
produced in the Inti Raymi. Those maidens living in the Aqllawasi had
two categories: the daughters of noble blood Quechuas, considered as
Sun's wives who had higher status and those daughters of privileged
nobles that were considered as the Inka's wives. All of them were
instructed by and under the care of the "Mamakuna" who were a sort of
priestesses among the most skillful veterans in domestic and ceremonial
affairs. No man could see them, not even the same Inka; just the "Qoya"
(the Inka's main wife) and her daughters could visit them. According to
the law, if any male had personal intimate relations with a chosen
woman, himself, his family, his neighbors and his whole people were
eliminated as well as their cattle, and his town was covered with salt
for having nursed such a bad son. Garcilaso indicates about this rule
that " This was the law, but it was never carried out, because it
was never known that someone transgressed it... The Inkas never
promulgated laws for frightening their vassals neither for transgressing
them, but for executing and performing them with those who dared
breaking them.". The Aqllawasi building covered a whole enormous
block and was located where now is the Church and Monastery of Dominican
Nuns of Santa Catalina and many other private buildings close to it.
It was Lucia Isabel Rivera de Padilla who in 1601
founded in Qosqo City the Santa Catalina Monastery after having had the
bitter experience of having seen the monastery she had founded in 1559
in Arequipa destroyed by eruption of the Waynaputina Volcano.
Subsequently, she built the ancient church which as well as the
monastery were destroyed by an earthquake in 1650. The present-time
structure was begun one year later being finished after 4 short years.
The altarpieces that are found in the church and monastery were carved
by diverse local craftsmen toward the second half of the XVII century.
Besides, there are very important pictorial works of Cusquenian School
made by anonymous artists. Inside the church there is a collection made
by Juan Espinoza de los Monteros representing Saint Catherine of Siena's
life and the Remedies Virgin in the Monastery Foundation. Lorenzo
Sanchez Mefecit, another Cusquenian painter made the huge canvas of the
Virgin's Assumption and another representing Saint Catherine of Siena's
Glorification. The church has also a gilded cedar wood Major Altar with
blended styles, on the high central part is the statue of the "The Holy
Heart of Jesus Christ" and lower Saint Catherine and Saint Dominic
Guzman. Besides, there is a pulpit carved in cedar wood and other four
gilded minor altarpieces.
Nowadays, over here is a beautiful museum of
colonial art which possibly is the most complete in the city. By its
entrance, in the first room there are different canvases representing
the "Lord of Earthquakes", and some other different paintings mostly
anonymous. Further ahead in the passage, is another collection
representing the life and miracles of Saint Rose of Lima. The lower
choir shows diverse canvases representing Saint Dominic Guzman's life
painted by Juan Espinoza de los Monteros and a collection of nine rich
chasubles embroidered with precious metal threads. The Scriptures Room
is interesting and contains murals all around it representing the
religious and virtuous life on the upper side, and lower the courtier
life; all painted by Tadeo Escalante. On the second floor, there is an
elaborate Nativity that becomes a trunk when folded. The upper choir
shows a rustic organ made in Qosqo and paintings representing Saint
Catherine's life.
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